About this Research Field

Quantum security refers to a set of technologies and strategies aimed at protecting data and communications in a world where quantum computers could break traditional cryptographic systems. It encompasses both the threats posed by quantum computing and the countermeasures being developed to ensure data remains secure.

There are two main branches of quantum security:

1. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)

• What it is: Classical cryptographic algorithms designed to be secure against quantum attacks.

• Why it matters: Quantum computers can break widely used encryption like RSA and ECC via Shor’s algorithm.

• Examples:

  • Lattice-based cryptography (e.g., Kyber, Dilithium)

  • Code-based cryptography

  • Multivariate polynomial cryptography

• Developed by: Organizations like NIST are standardizing PQC algorithms for public use.

2. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

• What it is: A method of securely distributing cryptographic keys using quantum mechanics principles.

• Why it’s secure: Based on the laws of quantum physics, especially the no-cloning theorem and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle—any eavesdropping attempt will be detected.

• Famous protocol: BB84 protocol (first QKD protocol)

• Limitations:

  • Requires specialized quantum communication hardware

  • Limited distance (optical fibers or satellite links)